If you're trying to start a project with a microcontroller but feel lost choosing the right one, you're not alone. Many beginners and even pros get confused with all the options out there. The wrong choice can lead to wasted time, buggy code, or hardware limits. That’s where STM32 comes in. This guide will explain what STM32 is, why it's so popular, and how you can start using it today.

What Is STM32?

STM32 is a family of 32-bit microcontrollers made by STMicroelectronics. It is based on the ARM Cortex-M processor and comes in many types, from low-power models to high-speed ones.

These chips are used in everything from simple LED controllers to advanced medical devices. Developers choose STM32 for its wide support, strong performance, and rich set of tools.

Why Developers Choose STM32

Here are the top reasons STM32 stands out:

  • Wide Range of Options
    Whether you need a cheap chip for a small gadget or a fast one for heavy tasks, STM32 has you covered.

  • Free Tools and Libraries
    STMicroelectronics offers STM32CubeIDE and STM32CubeMX — both free and packed with features.

  • Strong Community Support
    There’s a huge global community using STM32. You’ll find tutorials, open-source projects, and active forums.

  • Trusted by Industry
    STM32 is used in medical devices, drones, cars, and smart home gadgets.

  • Built-in Features
    Many STM32 chips include USB, ADCs, DACs, timers, and wireless features.

What You Can Do With STM32

STM32 can be used for:

  • IoT devices

  • Robotics

  • Home automation

  • Industrial control systems

  • Wearable electronics

  • LED lighting and displays

These chips work well with popular modules like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS, and LoRa.

STM32 Tutorial: Getting Started

Starting with STM32 is easier than you might think.

Step 1: Choose a Development Board

Some good STM32 boards for beginners:

  • STM32F103 “Blue Pill”

  • Nucleo-F446RE

  • STM32F4 Discovery Kit

These boards are cheap and well-documented. You can buy them online or from electronics shops.

Step 2: Install STM32CubeIDE

STM32CubeIDE is a free tool by STMicroelectronics. It includes everything you need:

  • Code editor

  • Compiler

  • Debugger

  • Config tools

You can download it from the official STMicroelectronics site.

Step 3: Create a New Project

Open STM32CubeIDE → Start a New STM32 Project → Choose your chip or board → Set up pins using STM32CubeMX (built-in).

Then start coding in C or C++.

STM32 Programming Basics

STM32 programming is done in C or C++. Most people use HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer), which is ST’s library. It makes code easier to write and understand.

You can also use:

  • LL (Low Layer) drivers: more control, faster code

  • Bare-metal programming: direct register access, advanced use

  • FreeRTOS: real-time operating system support for multitasking

STM32CubeMX can generate startup code for these methods.

STM32 vs Arduino: What’s the Difference?


Feature STM32 Arduino (Uno/Nano)
Architecture 32-bit ARM Cortex-M 8-bit AVR
Speed Up to 450 MHz 16 MHz
GPIO Pins 30–100+ 14 digital, 6 analog
Programming Tools STM32CubeIDE, Keil Arduino IDE
Power Use Lower, more control Higher, less efficient
Learning Curve Medium Easy

If you want full control, speed, or plan to grow your skills, STM32 is a great next step from Arduino.

Common STM32 Use Cases

  • STM32 for IoT: Great for smart home and connected devices

  • STM32 in Robotics: Precise timing and motor control

  • STM32 UART Projects: Communicate with GPS, GSM, or Bluetooth

  • STM32 GPIO Programming: LEDs, switches, sensors

  • STM32 Projects for Beginners: Blinking LEDs, temperature sensors, LCD screens

STM32CubeMX: Easy Setup Tool

STM32CubeMX helps you:

  • Set up pin functions (GPIO, UART, I2C, SPI)

  • Configure system clock

  • Add middleware (USB, RTOS)

  • Generate ready-to-use code

It saves time and avoids common setup mistakes.

STM32 Development Boards to Try

Here are some solid picks:

  1. Nucleo Boards

    • Great for beginners

    • Works with Arduino shields

  2. Discovery Kits

    • Includes sensors, screens

    • Ideal for learning peripherals

  3. Blue Pill (STM32F103C8T6)

    • Low cost

    • Strong community support

Tips for STM32 Programming

  • Use HAL for easier code

  • Start with examples in STM32CubeIDE

  • Check community tutorials on ControllersTech

  • Don’t skip clock setup — it causes most bugs

  • Always backup working code

FAQs About STM32

What is STM32?
STM32 is a line of 32-bit microcontrollers made by STMicroelectronics. It is used in many types of devices.

Who makes STM32 chips?
STMicroelectronics, a leading semiconductor company based in Europe.

Where can I buy STM32 boards?
Online stores like Amazon, AliExpress, and electronics suppliers like Digi-Key.

Why is STM32 better than Arduino?
STM32 is faster, more powerful, and supports advanced tools. It suits bigger or long-term projects.

How can I learn STM32 programming?
Start with STM32CubeIDE and beginner guides from sites like ControllersTech.

Will STM32 work with sensors and displays?
Yes, it supports I2C, SPI, UART, ADC, and PWM — everything you need.

Is STM32 good for IoT?
Yes. Many STM32 chips support Wi-Fi, LoRa, and low power modes.

What is STM32CubeIDE?
It’s an all-in-one tool for writing, compiling, and debugging STM32 code.

How do I flash code to STM32?
Use STM32CubeIDE with a USB connection or ST-Link debugger.

Can I use STM32 for real products?
Yes, STM32 is used in medical, automotive, and industrial devices.

Final Thoughts

STM32 microcontrollers are popular for a reason. They are fast, low-power, and full of features. Whether you're a beginner or someone with a few projects under your belt, STM32 gives you the tools to build almost anything. With free tools like STM32CubeIDE and tons of online help, it's never been easier to start.

Want to take the next step?
Check out the full STM32 tutorial series at ControllersTech and start building today